| acronym |
Word
formed from the initial letter or letters of each of the successive
or major parts of a composite term. Examples: Soweto (South West Townships);
Radar; UNGEGN. |
| address |
Computer
location where a particular item is stored. |
| allograph |
Each
of the particular graphic representations of a  grapheme.
Examples: in English, ff, ph and gh are allographs off, the grapheme
for the /f/ phoneme; in German, ss=sz=ß, =æ. |
| allomorph |
Each
of two or more differing phonological manifestations of
a given morpheme. Example: the es in boxes and
the en in oxen are allomorphs of the plural morpheme. |
| allonym |
Each
of two or more toponyms employed in reference to a single topographic
feature. Examples: Hull, Kingston upon Hull; Vesterhavet, Nordsee;
Swansea, Abertawe; Johannesburg, Egoli. |
| allonym,
standardized |
Each
of two or more standardized toponyms given to a single
topographic feature. Examples: Biel and Bienne; Casablanca and D_r
al-Bay_'; Kaapstad and Cape Town; Matterhorn and Monte Cervino. |
| allophone |
A
phone, one of two or more phonetic variants
of a phoneme. Examples: allophones of the /t/ phoneme
in English Tyne as distinct from American water;
allophones of the /r/ phoneme in Spanish rio as against
in Madrid. |
| alphabet |
Set
of all letters of a language with alphabetic script,
ordered in a specific sequence and provided with names for each letter. |
| alphabetic |
Relating
to an alphabet. |
| alphabet,
conversion |
An
alphabet used in names conversion. Comprehensive
term for transcription alphabet and transliteration
alphabet. |
| alphabet,
transcription |
An
alphabet that is employed in the process of transcription.
Examples: using only z, not c, to represent the dental /ts/-phoneme
in transcription into German; or only k, not c, for transcribing
the velar /k/ phoneme into English. |
| alphabet,
transliteration |
An
alphabet that may include diacritics, employed
in transliteration. Example: alphabets used in the romanization
of non-Roman script, e.g. for classical Arabic omitting C, E, O, P,
V and X, but including ` and other markers. |
| alphabetic
script |
See
script, alphabetic. |
| alphabetic
sequence |
(a)
The order in which the letters of an alphabet
are customarily cited. (b) A body of items listed in this order. |
| alphabetic
sequence rules |
Sequence
rules for alphabetic script. |
| alphanumeric |
Representation,
e.g. in a computer, which employs not only numerals but also letters.
In a wider sense, also employing punctuation marks and mathematical
and other symbols. |
| anthroponym |
Personal
name. Examples: Alfred; `Al_; Everest. |
| article |
A
morpheme that makes explicit the (usually) definite nature
of a noun, and sometimes its gender, number and case. Examples: English
the; Spanish el, los, las; French le, la, les; Arabic al-; Hebrew
ha-; Romanian -ul. |
| articulation |
Physiological
movements involved in modifying an airflow to produce speech sounds,
using the vocal tract above the larynx. |
