| false
generic element |
See
generic element, false. |
| feature
class |
See
class, feature. |
| feature
name |
See
toponym. |
| feature,
cultural |
See
feature, man-made. |
| feature,
extraterrestrial |
A
 topographic feature on any planet other than Earth, or
on a satellite. Example: a crater on the moon. |
| feature,
geographical |
Topographic
feature on the surface of the Earth. |
| feature,
hydrographic |
Topographic
feature consisting of water, or associated mainly with water but
not consisting of dry land. Examples: lake; underground reservoir;
but not an island. |
| feature,
man-made |
Topographic
feature made, or significantly modified, by man. Examples: canal;
road; populated place. Complementary term: feature, natural. |
| feature,
natural |
Topographic
feature not made or significantly modified by man. Examples: river
(but not canal); forest (but not plantation). Complementary term:
feature, man-made. |
| feature,
physical |
Any
topographic feature which can be observed visually. Examples:
mountain; river; road; building; but not e.g. an unmarked political
boundary. |
| feature,
topographic |
A
portion of the surface of the Earth or of any other planet or satellite
that has recognizable identity. |
| feature,
undersea |
A
portion of that part of the Earth which lies beneath the surface of
an ocean or a sea, and which has recognizable identity. Examples:
Dogger Bank, Mariana Trench. |
| field,
data |
See
data field. |
| file
format |
See
format, file. |
| file,
computer |
Organized,
ordered and named collection of computer records. |
| firmware |
Computer
programs and procedures programmed onto a card or board
and inserted into or fixed in a computer. It is not changeable by
software commands. |
| font |
A
typeface of a specified type, style and size. Example: 12-point
bold Times New Roman; 10 cpi (character-per-inch) Brougham
italic. |
| format |
Size
and general arrangement of a written or printed document. See also
format, file. |
| format,
computer |
See
format, file. |
| format,
file |
The
arrangement of data in a computer file (e.g. records and
fields, numeric and alphanumeric, fixed or floating-point,
etc.). Usually referred to simply as format. |
| full
title |
See
long form (of a name). |
| gazetteer |
List
of toponyms arranged in alphabetic or other sequential
order, with an indication of their location and preferably including
variant names, type of topographic feature and other defining
or descriptive information. |
| gazetteer,
index |
Ordered
list of toponyms, with or without additional data, serving
as a guide to the source in which they appear. Example: index gazetteer
appended to an atlas. |
| gazetteer,
multilingual |
Gazetteer
which, for a particular topographic feature, shows allonyms
in different languages, not necessarily standardized.
Examples: Athens (Athína); Moscou (Moskva). |
| gazetteer,
multiscriptual |
Gazetteer
which presents toponyms in two (biscriptual) or more different
types of script or writing system. Examples:
Aèvá, Athina; ____, Nazareth; ___________, Vladivostok. |
| gazetteer,
place names |
Term
sometimes applied to a list of populated places. See also name,
place (b). |
| generic
element |
That
part of a toponym which consists of a generic
term. Examples: Port-au-Prince; Sierra Nevada,
Newport. The generic element does not necessarily indicate
the type or class of feature of the item named. See also false
generic element. Complementary term: specific element. |
| generic
element, false |
Generic
element which does not indicate the feature class of the item
named. Examples: Mount Isa, `Ayn as-Sul__n, Redhill
and Rio de Janeiro are all populated places, not a mountain,
spring, hill or river, respectively. |
| generic
term |
A
common noun which describes a topographic feature in terms
of its characteristics and not by its proper name. Examples: mountain,
sierra, san, shan, dagh, jabal, har; river, w_d_, gang. It may form
part of a toponym; see generic element. See
also generic element, false. |
| geographical
dictionary |
See
dictionary, geographical. |
| geographical
entity |
See
feature, geographical. |
| geographical
feature |
See
feature, geographical. |
| geographical
name |
See
name, geographical. |
| geographical
names standardization |
See
standardization, geographical names. |
| geographic
information system (GIS) |
Computerized
multi-purpose system combining input, processing and output of geographically-referenced
data, which often includes maps and toponyms. |
| GIS |
See
geographic information system. |
| glossary |
Specialized
list of terms relating to a particular field of study or interest,
which may contain explanatory or descriptive information on the items
listed. Example: glossary of terms employed in the standardization
of geographical names. |
| grammar |
The
field of study dealing with the formal features of a language
and the rules that govern their combination, reference and interpretation. |
| grapheme |
Graphic
representation of a phoneme in a particular language.
Examples: j is the grapheme for the /d#/ phoneme
in English and for /#/ in French. |
| graphic
form |
Written
or printed character(s), including any diacritics,
which represent a linguistic item such as a name. Distinct from spoken
and digital form. |
| graticule |
See
coordinates, geographical (a). |
| grid,
topographic |
See
coordinates, rectangular (a). |
| guidelines,
toponymic |
Set
of rules governing the standardization of a country's
toponyms and their presentation in maps and gazetteers. |
| hardware |
Reference
to the computer itself (central processing unit, CPU), as well as
to all peripheral input and output devices such as monitors, disks,
tape consoles, printers, plotters, digitisers, scanners, etc. Complementary
term: software. |
| historical
name |
See
name, historical. |
| hodonym |
See
odonym. |
| homonym |
Each
of two or more identical toponyms denoting different topographic
features. Example: Monacó (Principaut de) and Monaco (di Baviera),
the Italian exonym for Mnchen. |
| hydrographic
feature |
See
feature, hydrographic. |
| hydronym |
Toponym
applied to a hydrographic feature. |
| hyphenization,
also hyphenation |
(a)
In toponymy, joining two or more elements of a composite name
by hyphens; this normally prevents change of word order in an alphabetic
listing such as a gazetteer. Examples: Hhr·Grenzhausen;
Tel-Aviv; Pointe-Sapin-Centre. (b) Placing hyphens between the syllables
of a word or between words. |
| ideogram |
(a)
Graphic symbol which symbolizes a thing or an idea but not necessarily
a particular word for it. Used by some writers for logogram.
(b) In Egyptian hieroglyphs, a determinative indicating the meaning
of (clustered) phonograms. |
| ideographic
script |
See
script, logographic. |
| index,
names |
See
index, toponymic. |
| index,
place names |
See
index, toponymic. Sometimes applied to populated places only. See
also place name. |
| index,
toponymic |
Ordered
list of toponyms, including data about location but little
or no additional information. |
| indigenous
language |
See
language, indigenous. |
| indigenous
name |
See
name, indigenous. |
| interactive
processing |
In
a computer system, the process of interacting directly with a program
and/or data for immediately modifying, retrieving and/or
displaying information. This is usually done on a computer screen.
Complementary term: batch processing. |
| interface |
A
common boundary at which two different computer systems or portions
thereof join or intersect. It can be mechanical or electronic, and
can also refer to the interaction between man and computer. |
| International
Phonetic Alphabet, IPA |
An
internationally recognized set of symbols for phonetic
transcription. Some examples of IPA notation: [_] for the
'ng' sound in English `sing'; [ò] for the English `sh' sound; [a]
for `a' in `art' but [å] for a in `any'; [_] for consonantic
`u' in French `Suisse'. |
| international
standardization |
See
standardization, international, geographical names. |
